Cognition & Design

Showing posts with label chapter 6. Show all posts

VISIBILITY

Visibility is a design principle which emphasizes that a good design should allow user to understand its function or the right way of using by just looking at the product.This means that the way to operate or the specific functions of every feature the product is understandable and clear to the user.

Figure 1.0

Figure 1.0 shows the buttons and knobs at a speaker. The function of each knob, speaker and port is easy and clear for the user to understand as it comes with the wording on the specific use of it. All the buttons are aligned and grouped according to its type. The control knob with the control knob , the buttons in a small rectangle and ect. A first time user would be able to find his way around because the visibility principle is obeyed in the design of this speaker.

Progressive disclosure

This principle is a principle which is applied when a product or design does not shows the whole information or function to the user. Instead the information or functionality is disclose progressively according to the user need. Only certain requested information is showed.

Figure 1.0

Figure 1.1

Figure 1.0 shows Nokia charger which has a perfect oval shape. It is actually a three pin charger with the upper pin need to be push out when user want to use it. At the first glance or went the charger is not in use the third pin can be push in so it is not visible to the user. ( figure 1.1 )

Constraint

Constraint

Constraint is a method of limiting the actions that can perform on a design. For example, should not insert coins in a card slot. There are 2 types of constraint :

Physical constraint
Psychological constraint

Physical Constraint

Limiting the range of possible actions by redirecting physical motion in specific ways.

It is useful for reducing the sensitivity of controls to unwanted inputs.

Path : Applied forces into linear motion. For example, scroll bars. It is useful where the control variable range is small and bounded.

Axes : Applied forces into rotary motion. Example, trackball. It is useful where the control real estate is limited, larger or not bounded.

Figure 6.2.1:electrical fan regulator

For example, electrical fan regulator is used to control the speed and the spinning of the fan.

Barriers : Applied halting, slowing or redirecting forces around the barriers. Also, useful for denying errant or undesired actions.

Figure 6.2.2:road sign

For example, the road sign that purposely colour in red is used as a barrier to get the drivers' attention and be more careful on the road especially when on conjunction.

Psychological Constraints

Limiting the range of possible actions by leveraging the way people perceive and think about the world.

Symbols : Influence behavior by communicating meaning through language such as icon and signage.

Figure 6.2.3:road sign

For example, the road sign is purposely colour in red because since kid, human had been teach that red colour is a warning sign and it may comes with meaning of dangerous. So whenever people saw this warning sign they will stop.

Conventions:Influence behavior based on learned traditions and practice such as traffic light.

Figure 6.2.4:woman bathroom sign

For example, since kid we know that girl or woman is wearing skirt as symbolic for feminine style. Therefore whenever go to toilet especially a girl just by looking the symbol people know it is for woman not for a man.

Mappings: Influence behavior based on the perceived relationship between elements.

Figure 6.2.5:danger sign warning

For example, the word of danger is using lightning struck mapping because most people scared of lightning. The designer design this kind of mapping is to make people to avoid the place and at the same time can secure their life.

Figure 6.2.6:direction signboard

For example, the designer used this kind of mapping to tell people that the way to their destination is on the right. Whenever people saw this mapping automatically their body will turn to the right not left.

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VISIBILITY

Progressive disclosure

Constraint