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Mimicry

Mimicry

Mimicry means the act of copying of familiar objects, organisms or environments in order to improve the usability and functionality of that properties.

Mimicry divided into 3 basic design which is surface, behavioral and functional.

Surface Mimicry

Making a design that looks similar with something else.

Figure 7.4.1:banana fruit

Figure 7.4.2:banana ice-cream

This is one of the example of surface mimicry. For example on Figure 7.4.1 is the real banana fruit whereas on the Figure 7.4.2 shows an ice-cream that design look like banana. When people peel the real banana fruit, it will look exactly same like on the Figure 7.4.2 as well. Besides, the colour of ice-cream also yellow exactly like the real banana fruit. These will trigger the feeling of eating a real banana that will attract the consumer to eat it.

Behavioral Mimicry

Making a design that act like something else

Figure 7.4.3: Hand

Figure 7.4.4: monopod

This is one of the best example for behavioral mimicry. On the Figure 7.4.3, the hand is used as the stick while the fingers are used to grab the handphone during taking a selca. Same goes with on the Figure 7.4.4, the monopod is been used exactly same like on the Figure 7.4.3. The monopod has the stick as a hand (blue circle) while the circle with red colour used as the fingers so that the handphone not easily loose.

Functional Mimicry

Making a design that work like something else

Figure 7.4.5: Pen for paper

Figure 7.4.6:Pen for computer

The design of pen for paper also same function with the design of pen used on computer which is to write something..

Constraint

Constraint

Constraint is a method of limiting the actions that can perform on a design. For example, should not insert coins in a card slot. There are 2 types of constraint :

Physical constraint
Psychological constraint

Physical Constraint

Limiting the range of possible actions by redirecting physical motion in specific ways.

It is useful for reducing the sensitivity of controls to unwanted inputs.

Path : Applied forces into linear motion. For example, scroll bars. It is useful where the control variable range is small and bounded.

Axes : Applied forces into rotary motion. Example, trackball. It is useful where the control real estate is limited, larger or not bounded.

Figure 6.2.1:electrical fan regulator

For example, electrical fan regulator is used to control the speed and the spinning of the fan.

Barriers : Applied halting, slowing or redirecting forces around the barriers. Also, useful for denying errant or undesired actions.

Figure 6.2.2:road sign

For example, the road sign that purposely colour in red is used as a barrier to get the drivers' attention and be more careful on the road especially when on conjunction.

Psychological Constraints

Limiting the range of possible actions by leveraging the way people perceive and think about the world.

Symbols : Influence behavior by communicating meaning through language such as icon and signage.

Figure 6.2.3:road sign

For example, the road sign is purposely colour in red because since kid, human had been teach that red colour is a warning sign and it may comes with meaning of dangerous. So whenever people saw this warning sign they will stop.

Conventions:Influence behavior based on learned traditions and practice such as traffic light.

Figure 6.2.4:woman bathroom sign

For example, since kid we know that girl or woman is wearing skirt as symbolic for feminine style. Therefore whenever go to toilet especially a girl just by looking the symbol people know it is for woman not for a man.

Mappings: Influence behavior based on the perceived relationship between elements.

Figure 6.2.5:danger sign warning

For example, the word of danger is using lightning struck mapping because most people scared of lightning. The designer design this kind of mapping is to make people to avoid the place and at the same time can secure their life.

Figure 6.2.6:direction signboard

For example, the designer used this kind of mapping to tell people that the way to their destination is on the right. Whenever people saw this mapping automatically their body will turn to the right not left.

Serial Position Effects

Serial Position Effect

A phenomenon of memory which items that present at the beginning and end of a list is more chance to be be recalled than items at the middle of list.

Figure 5.3.1: Lists of positions and course for non engineering

This is one of the example for serial position effect. The lists on the top (red line) has more tendencies to be recalled than in the middle (yellow line). Besides, only a few list than had been ticked and it makes people easier to remember and recalled what they had read.
Unlike at the middle lists (yellow line) there is so many lists that had been ticked and it makes people hard to remember and recalled what they had read before.

Primacy Effect

The beginning items in a list are stored in Long Term Memory (LTM).
For example, on Figure 5.3.1, the initial lists have more tendencies to be remembered rather than on the middle of the lists (look at the yellow line).

There are 2 types of primacy effects:

Stronger Primacy Effect - Items are slowly presented (More time to store the initial items in LTM).
Weaker Primacy Effect - Items are rapidly presented (Less time to store the initial items in LTM.

Recency Effect

When people more efficiently recalled the end items that stored in Long Term Memory (LTM).

For example, on the Figure 5.3.1, the lists in the blue line has more tendencies to be recalled since it is only has a few of lists that had been ticked with symbol.

Consistency

Consistency

Consistency is when designing interfaces to have similar operations and use similar elements for achieving similar task.

In consistency, the systems are usable and learn-able when similar concepts are expresses in similar ways. Consistency also enables people to quickly transfer prior knowledge to new contexts and focus on relevant tasks.

There are 4 types of consistency:

1. Aesthetics

2. Functional

3. Internal

4. External

Aesthetics

Figure 4.4.1 : NIVEA products

Figure 4.1.2: watson products

1.The style and appearance is repeated and consistence to enhance recognition and communicates membership.

2.For example, NIVEA and watson logo, font and graphic is still same even for different use.

Functional

Figure 4.1.3:electrical fan regulator

The meaning and action are consistent to improve learnability and understanding. For example, the fan speed sign switch on Figure 4.1.3 shows that if the number of regulator is increase, the speed of spinning electical fan also increase.

Internal

Figure 4.1.4:road sign

1. Consistency with other elements in the design.

2. Have a sense of orientation and trust that indicates design is well thought out and planned.

3. For example, the road signage. The red colour on signboard is used to warn user with vehicle cannot enter the place.

External

Figure 4.1.5: PC

Figure 4.1.5: LCD

1. Consistent with other elements in the elements in the environment

2. Extends the benefit of internal consistencies across multiple, independent design.

3. More difficult to achieve because the different systems rarely observed the same design standards.

The Figure 4.1.5 is consistent with elements on Figure 4.1.5. They are consistent in term of interface of software which is both useful for user. However, Figure 4.1.5 which is LCD projector interface of software extends the benefit for user because the interface is more widely and can make user see the interface of software very clearly and vividly.

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Mimicry

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